http://blog.libertytimes.com.tw/linheart/ <p>天生反骨寫的生活與思考……</p> linheart 2009-11-21T13:06:11Z http://blog.libertytimes.com.tw/linheart/2009/11/19/42800 <span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; font-size: 14pt">　　</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">吳育昇的姦情意外曝光</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">，台灣媒體與讀者議論紛紛。事過六天，到底誰得到教訓，誰付出代價？這個社會有展現它的公民裁判能力嗎？還是</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">吳育昇照樣安全過關</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">？<span></span></span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">&nbsp;</span> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"> <span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; font-size: 14pt"></span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"> <span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; font-size: 14pt">　　</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">吳某於第一時間道歉，說明：「只是一時意亂情迷」，鞠躬道歉四秒鐘，記者會七分鐘結束，然後自稱閉關五天，消聲匿跡。所謂的『閉關五天』，說白了就是躲媒體，躲輿論。這是非常自私而懦弱的逃避行為。這種反應模式正是</span><span><span style="font-family: Calibri">K</span></span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">黨的傳家之寶</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">，說謊、閃躲、假道歉、真自私。</span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"> <span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'"></span> </p> <p> <span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'"><span></span></span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; font-size: 14pt">　　</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">多數人對吳某口誅筆伐，只有張啟楷仍然奉守藍令，猛<span>K</span>阿扁，可說是對吳某極其友善。多方撻伐之下，張啟楷一流抵柱，充份表現媒體中立，不介入羶腥色八卦。<span>NCC</span>應該給予最有道德價值的名嘴。<span></span></span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">&nbsp;</span> </p> <p> <span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; font-size: 14pt">　　</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">其實還有不少媒體暗中幫了吳某，沒有挖出他祖宗八代的家族譜，他過去的戀人與情史，反而將焦點放在第三者孫仲瑜身上。同樣的，媒體也對孫仲瑜頗為禮遇，沒有稱呼她『第三者』、『狐狸精』、『破壞別人家庭者』、『都市慾女』，反而封她『香奈兒女郎』<span>(</span>後來已證實她的穿著並非香奈兒原版<span>)</span>，又稱呼她『古典鋼琴老師』、『學音樂的』、『氣質姣好』等優質印象的名號。沒有醜化孫女，應該也算是媒體文化的進步，或者那些報導者全是男性，內心妄想極了！</span> </p> <p> <span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'"><span></span></span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">&nbsp;</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; font-size: 14pt">　　</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">為什麼社會可以『美女』角度去談孫仲瑜，而卻將吳某原配自然素顏公諸於世，大剌剌擺在同一版面，引導反差視覺效應？媒體真的又進步了。</span> </p> <p> <span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'"><span></span></span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">&nbsp;</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; font-size: 14pt">　　</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">而吳育昇卻遭到不少批判？他原以為，道歉認錯了事，再閉關躲五天，應該雨過天青。但仍然很多批評聲音充斥於世，究其原因，不外是，吳育昇一向自傲高品德，<span>(</span>又是馬英九翻版的人格特質！<span>)</span>，對於扁案以高分貝的嚴厲口吻羞辱之，平常也是一副道貌岸然的「紳士」模樣，滿口道德操守為本，骨子裡卻是男盜女娼的黑暗性格。</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">用選舉結餘款租車把妹，是盜也</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">；以立委身份偷腥是娼也。很多人質疑，若不是立委與名車，吳某那副嚴厲表情，自以為是的性格，哪個女人會和他上床？</span> </p> <p> <span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'"><span></span></span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">&nbsp;</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; font-size: 14pt">　　</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">或許，吳育昇與孫仲瑜並非「只是一時意亂情迷」，而真的是令人難以擺脫，驚心動魄的愛情。外遇是愛情出現時間的錯誤。那麼，吳某更應該說清楚，對孫仲瑜的真愛入骨，對原配的日久情疏，然後辭去立委，完成他第二春的愛情。但是吳某沒有如此表現。因為，他自私，他仍然要抓緊政治的權慾，為了政治利益，他可以狠心丟包走人，擋他宦途的孫仲瑜當然被玩玩就丟。</span> </p> <p> <span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'"><span></span></span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; font-size: 14pt">　　</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">在這事件裡，不要假愛情之名，說真愛偉大。因為這裡面毫無愛情可言，只是一個中年立委脫了褲子，滿足其慾而已。如果真有愛情，大概只有孫女單戀而已。但我很懷疑，長期在<span>K</span>黨墮落的飯局文化薰陶之下，她仍然會保有對愛情的純淨期待。<span></span></span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">&nbsp;</span> </p> <p> <span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; font-size: 14pt">　　</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">吳某的行為模式，直接反應出<span>K</span>黨長期以來的虛偽作風。首先是以口治國，滿嘴仁義道德，人民利益為上。但是，當災難來襲，主政者聞之不理，視百姓生命如芻狗。危害生命的食品，不顧醫學專業意見，照樣進口，讓百姓自尋保命之道。虛偽的表裡不一，加上陳倉暗渡，偷偷摸摸送紅包，簽合議書，都是<span>K</span>黨的傳家價值。</span> </p> <p> <span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'"><span></span></span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">&nbsp;</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; font-size: 14pt">　　</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">打假球的不只是職棒現象，<span>K</span>黨才是打假球高手。不知道，吳某寬衣解帶時，是否也是打假球？<span></span></span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">&nbsp;</span> </p> <p> <span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; font-size: 14pt">　　</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">K</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">黨對台灣，盡是虛偽欺騙以對，從不以真心來愛台灣。就像吳某一樣，愛情只是慾望的面具，用過即丟。如果說我們太苛責他的獸性，那也應該教他有關愛的真諦。</span> </p> <p> <span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'"><span></span></span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">&nbsp;</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; font-size: 14pt">　　</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">『夫妻之愛使人類繁衍，朋友之愛使人類完善，但淫蕩之愛則會使人類墮落。』</span> </p> <p> <span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'"><span></span></span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; font-size: 14pt">　　</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">這是英國哲學家培根的名言。</span> </p> <p> <span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'"><span></span></span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">&nbsp;</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; font-size: 14pt">　　</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">請問<span>K</span>黨，你們對台灣的愛是如何？</span> </p> <p> <span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'"><span></span></span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; font-size: 14pt">　　</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">請問</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">吳育昇</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">，你對原配的愛如何？對孫仲瑜的「意亂情迷」是哪種藉口？<span></span></span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; font-size: 14pt">　　</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'"></span> </p> 天生反骨 2009-11-19T10:20:44Z linheart http://blog.libertytimes.com.tw/linheart/2009/11/02/41808 <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"> <span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">&nbsp;<a id="res_17309" href="http://blog.libertytimes.com.tw/gallery/111/111-17309.jpg"><img src="http://blog.libertytimes.com.tw/gallery/111/previews-med/111-17309.jpg" border="0" /></a></span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"> <span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'"></span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"> <span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">有關開放美國帶骨牛肉</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">、牛雜之爭議，</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">中華民國醫師公會全國聯合會及台灣失智症協會於</span><span><span style="font-family: Calibri">2009/11/2</span></span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">下午</span><span><span style="font-family: Calibri">2:00</span></span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">發表聯合聲明稿</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">，全文轉載於下：</span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"> &nbsp; </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"> <span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'"></span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"> <span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'"></span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"> <span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'"></span> </p> <p align="center"> <span><span style="font-family: Calibri">&nbsp;</span></span><strong><span style="font-family: 標楷體">中華民國醫師公會全國聯合會</span></strong> </p> <p align="center"> <strong><span style="font-family: 標楷體"><span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 標楷體">台灣失智症協會 聯合聲明稿<span></span></span></strong><span><span style="font-family: Calibri">&nbsp;</span></span> </p> <p align="center"> <strong><span style="font-family: 標楷體; color: #ff0000">預防庫賈氏病引發失智症 政府對進口美國牛肉應嚴加把關</span></strong> </p> <p> <strong><span style="font-family: 標楷體; color: #ff0000"><span></span></span></strong><span><span style="font-family: Calibri">&nbsp;</span></span><span style="font-family: 標楷體">　　近日社會大眾對美國牛肉進口產生重大疑慮，本會特與台灣失智症協會共同發表聲明如下：新型庫賈氏病是失智症病因之一，這種具傳染性且快速惡化的失智症，通常在症狀開始之後一年左右死亡。依目前的研究，此病與牛海綿樣腦症</span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'">(</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體">狂牛症</span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'">)</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體">有關，食用感染狂牛症牛隻的神經系統、腸胃系統、眼睛有機會感染新型庫賈氏病。由於狂牛症潛伏期長，美國於</span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'">2003</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體">年暴發狂牛症，目前仍存在風險，民眾仍應防範，政府更應嚴加把關，重視此一攸關民眾健康之議題。</span> </p> <p> <span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'"></span><span style="font-family: 標楷體">　　狂牛症正式學名稱為牛海綿樣腦病症</span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'">(</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體">簡稱</span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'">BSE)</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體">，</span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'">1986</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體">年於英國診斷出第一個狂牛症的病例。病逝的牛肢解剖腦部會發現大腦萎縮，大量神經細胞死亡。海綿樣腦病症可發生在多種哺乳類身上，像是羊、水貂、鹿、貓都可發生這種疾病，引發狂牛症的病原體可能是一種具感染性的變性細胞蛋白質</span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'"> (prion)</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體">，</span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'">prion</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體">蛋白可耐高溫及消毒劑，可以在罹患狂牛症牛隻的腦、脊髓、腸胃系統、眼角膜等組織發現。</span> </p> <p> <span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'"></span><span style="font-family: 標楷體">　　新型庫賈氏病發生在較年輕的病人身上；臨床上早期出現憂鬱及失眠等精神症狀，另有記憶力衰退、行為異常、步態不穩及類似失智症狀。半數皮膚有變硬的特殊感覺，繼之以行動不協調，症狀出現到死亡平均</span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'">14</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體">個月。(</span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'"></span><span style="font-family: 標楷體">參考資料</span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'"></span><span style="font-family: 標楷體">何謂庫賈氏病)</span> </p> <p> <span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'"></span><span style="font-family: 標楷體">　　庫賈氏病的原名是</span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'">(Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease,</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體">簡稱</span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'">CJD)</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體">，又名「人類海綿樣腦部症」。此病是以兩位神經醫學家「庫茲德」及「賈克」對此病研究的貢獻來命名。在台灣每年每百萬人大約有</span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'">0.6</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體">左右的發生率</span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'">(</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體">自民國</span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'">64</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體">年至</span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'">98</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體">年為止，發現超過</span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'">200</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體">名庫賈氏病確認個案</span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'">)</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體">，算是一種罕見的疾病。</span> </p> <p> <span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'"></span><span style="font-family: 標楷體">　　這種罕見的疾病之所以會受到注意，主要是因為人們對英國的狂牛症事件所引發出來的恐懼。其實與狂牛症相關的是新型的庫賈氏病，並不是一般的偶發型庫賈氏病。國內衛生署有鑑於英國所爆發的狂牛症事件，於</span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'">1996</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體">年開始對這類疾病開始監視，將庫賈氏病列為報告傳染病，規定凡有懷疑為庫賈氏病的病人都得要通報。到目前為止，已經登錄的病患，均為庫賈氏病患，沒有新型的庫賈氏病患者；在台灣也尚未報告有狂牛症。</span> </p> <p> <span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'"></span><span style="font-family: 標楷體"><span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt">　　</span>庫賈氏病的病理及臨床症狀</span> </p> <p> <span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'"></span><span style="font-family: 標楷體">　　此病在神經病理學上有個特點，即大腦皮質產生空泡化退化，使大腦組織呈現海綿狀。若將患者的組織接種於實驗動物大腦中，經過一段潛伏期也會造成該實驗動物發病，因而又稱為『人類傳播性海綿樣腦症』。</span> </p> <p> <span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'"></span><span style="font-family: 標楷體">　　醫界在早期咸認此病是由慢性病毒所致。然而近年來的研究，已了解此病是一種變性蛋白質</span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'"> (prion, </span><span style="font-family: 標楷體">普利子蛋白</span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'">) </span><span style="font-family: 標楷體">在大腦組織逐漸堆積，而造成神經細胞死亡所致。這種具感染性的變性蛋白質會將神經細胞內正常的蛋白質轉化成變性的蛋白質，終使腦組織變成海綿樣。</span> </p> <p> <span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'"></span><span style="font-family: 標楷體">　　此病在病發初期，有記憶力衰退、行為異常、步態不穩及類似失智症狀。隨著病程進展，除了上述症狀會逐漸惡化外，患者的四肢與軀幹會有劇烈之抽動</span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'">(</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體">肌躍症</span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'">)</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體">，此外視力模糊、肢體無力、麻木感、癲癇也可能發生，在末期則以嚴重痴呆為主。病人經常在疾病末期不說話也不會動，大部分的案例中，病人通常在症狀開始之後一年內死亡。此病在病發後智力惡化的速度極快，而不像「老年失智症」，可以存活數年甚至十多年。</span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'"></span><span style="font-family: 標楷體">庫賈氏病的四個模式</span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'"></span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'">(1) </span><span style="font-family: 標楷體">散發性</span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'"> : </span><span style="font-family: 標楷體">據文獻得知，散發性的發生率約百萬分之一</span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'"> </span><span style="font-family: 標楷體">。</span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'"></span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'">(2) </span><span style="font-family: 標楷體">遺傳性</span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'"> : </span><span style="font-family: 標楷體">此病有部分</span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'">(</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體">約</span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'">10%~15%)</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體">為家族顯性遺傳，此乃基因發生不同的突變所致，目前研究證實有數個突變基因與此種變性蛋白質有關。</span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'"></span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'">(3) </span><span style="font-family: 標楷體">醫源性</span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'"> : </span><span style="font-family: 標楷體">醫源性庫賈氏病是指由各種醫療行為所造成的感染，從</span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'">1974</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體">年第一例因眼角膜移植而被感染的報告，也陸續報導因腦部手術、器械污染、腦電極植入、硬腦膜移植、性荷爾蒙性刺激素注射</span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'">&hellip;&hellip;</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體">等而感染此病之情形。其中報導最多的是在注射萃取自人類屍體之腦下垂體荷爾蒙後發病的個案。其潛伏期較長，平均在</span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'">10</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體">年左右，國內尚未證明有醫源性感染病例。</span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'"></span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'">(4) </span><span style="font-family: 標楷體">新型庫賈氏病</span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'">(new variant CJD, nv-CJD) : 1996</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體">年</span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'">4</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體">月英國首次於</span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'">Lancet</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體">雜誌發表新類型庫賈氏病</span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'">10</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體">名病例，並指出此病的發生可能與牛海綿樣腦症有關。牛隻的傳播性海綿樣腦症是</span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'">1986</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體">年新發現的一種疾病，它發生於英國，因為當地牛隻的飼料是使用羊骨磨成的粉，有些羊感染了變性蛋白質</span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'">PrPSC</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體">，而加工時又簡化流程，這些吃了受感染的羊骨粉的牛就爆發了流行性的狂牛症。相對於傳統庫賈氏病人，新型的庫賈氏病發生在較年輕的病人身上。新類型庫賈氏病的病程平均</span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'">14</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體">個月；發病之後，有記憶力衰退、行為異常、步態不穩及類似失智症狀，在臨床上早期以憂鬱及失眠等精神症狀出現，半數皮膚有變硬的特殊感覺，繼之以行動不協調，但不像傳統庫賈氏病有肌躍之症狀，腦波也無陣發性棘波。</span> </p> <p> <span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'"></span><span style="font-family: 標楷體"><span style="font-family: 標楷體; font-size: 12pt">　　</span>狂牛症</span> </p> <p> <span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'"></span><span style="font-family: 標楷體">　　狂牛症</span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'"> (Mad Cow Disease)</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體">的正式學名稱為牛海綿樣腦病症</span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'">(Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體">，簡稱</span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'">BSE)</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體">，</span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'">1986</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體">年於英國診斷出第一個狂牛症的病例，罹患狂牛症的牛隻性情會變的神經質、易被激怒且具有攻擊性，漸漸的會出現肌肉調節困難、站立姿勢異常、乳汁的分泌減少、越來越虛弱然後死亡。病逝的牛肢解剖腦部會發現大腦萎縮，大量神經細胞死亡。</span> </p> <p> <span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'"></span><span style="font-family: 標楷體">　　狂牛症是傳播性海綿狀腦病的一種，這種傳播性海綿狀腦病可發生在多種哺乳類身上，像是羊、水貂、鹿、貓都可發生這種疾病，引發狂牛症的病原體可能是一種具感染性的變性細胞蛋白質</span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'"> (prion)</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體">，</span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'">prion</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體">並非生物也不是病毒，它不含遺傳物質本身不會複製，可耐高溫及消毒劑，</span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'">prion</span><span style="font-family: 標楷體">蛋白可以在罹患狂牛症牛隻的腦、脊髓、腸胃系統及眼角膜等組織發現。</span> </p> <p> <span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'"></span><span style="font-family: 標楷體">　　與狂牛病相關的是新型的庫賈氏病，並不是偶發的庫賈氏病，民眾不必對這種偶發的庫賈氏病過度恐慌，雖然其病原不易以一般的消毒法消毒，但只要不接觸病人的腦脊髓液或血液，與病人的一般接觸，並不會造成傳染，所以在照顧病患時，只要遵循一般的感控原則即可。</span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'"></span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'">&nbsp;</span> </p> <p> <span style="font-family: 標楷體">有關庫賈氏病的詳細資料，可查詢行政院衛生署疾病管制局</span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'"> http://www.cdc.gov.tw </span><span style="font-family: 標楷體">。</span> </p> <p> <span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'"></span><span style="font-family: 標楷體">有關狂牛病的相關資料，可查詢行政院農業委員會網站</span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'"> http://www.coa.gov.tw </span><span style="font-family: 標楷體">。</span> </p> <p> &nbsp; </p> <p> &nbsp; </p> <span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">圖片說明</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">：<span></span></span><span><span style="font-family: Calibri">&nbsp;</span></span><span style="font-family: 標楷體">自由時報記者王昶閔先生曾在自由時報</span><span><span style="font-family: Calibri">(2009-3-12)</span></span><span style="font-family: 標楷體">報導</span><strong><span style="color: #ff0000"><a href="http://www.libertytimes.com.tw/2009/new/mar/10/today-life4-2.htm"><span style="color: #800080"><span style="font-family: 標楷體"><span>《</span></span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; letter-spacing: 1.2pt; font-size: 11.5pt; font-weight: normal"><span>國人染狂牛症帶因率</span></span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt; font-size: 11.5pt; font-weight: normal"><span><span style="font-family: Calibri"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: 標楷體; letter-spacing: 1.2pt; font-size: 11.5pt; font-weight: normal"><span>為歐美兩倍<span>》</span></span></span></span></a></span></strong><span style="font-family: 標楷體">，當天自由時報亦同時刊載日本厚生省資料，如圖片。<span></span></span> <p> <span style="font-family: 標楷體"></span> </p> <p> <span style="font-family: 標楷體"></span><span style="font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'"></span> </p> 健康醫療 2009-11-02T17:51:03Z linheart http://blog.libertytimes.com.tw/linheart/2009/10/28/41539 <p> <span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; font-size: 14pt">　　</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">要不要開放美國帶骨牛肉</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">，不單是台美關係或貿易往來的問題。以食品公共衛生及醫學角度而言，答案很簡單：不能開放。</span> </p> <span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'"><span></span></span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">&nbsp;</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; font-size: 14pt">　　</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">但是這項爭議的主軸已經脫離食品衛生及人體健康的專業考量，反而</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">問題是出現在政治及經濟</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">。當初在日本、韓國也是出現同樣反對聲浪。</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'"> </span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"> <span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; font-size: 14pt">　　</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">在之前文章，我痛心提出<span><a href="http://blog.libertytimes.com.tw/linheart/2009/10/20/41099"><span><span><span style="color: #800080">專業被政治打壓的陳述</span></span></span></a></span>，很巧的是，貼出該文之後，馬上來個「</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">開放美國帶骨牛肉</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">」事件，證明了專業被政治打壓的事實。當我看見台北市長郝龍斌義正言辭的提</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">出「拒絕使用美國牛內臟、絞肉與脊髓自主管理聯盟」時，他臉上神情是學術專業的自信</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">（來自於他食品營養博士及</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">曾擔任台大食品科技研究所教授的食品專家身分）</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">，而不是平時政治人物譁眾取寵的呼喊。相對於他的台北捷運態度，專業與政治的差別，立見分曉。郝市長的專業，否定了馬府愚蠢欠考量的政策，令人激賞。<span></span></span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"> &nbsp; </p> <p> <span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">&nbsp;</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; font-size: 14pt">　　</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">關於零風險或極低風險的比較，</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">美國在台協會</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體"><span>(AIT)</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">台北辦事處處長</span><span><a href="http://www.libertytimes.com.tw/2009/new/oct/28/today-p4.htm" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'"><span><span style="color: #000000">司徒文</span></span></span></a></span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">在一場會議中表示，去年台灣二千三百萬人口中，有</span><span>1034</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">人因摩托車交通事故喪生。食用美國牛肉風險與摩托車交通事故相比，摩托車事故風險更高</span></span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">。這是難以致信的荒謬，不僅引喻失義，更不是身為外交官應有的涵養。</span> </p> <p> <span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'"><span></span></span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">&nbsp;</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; font-size: 14pt">　　</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">但是，更荒謬的是，吳敦義竟然說，開放進口之後，要不要吃，選擇在於民眾，而且要民眾自行把關。如果這種食品健康安全問題要靠民眾自己，那我們繳稅養公務員及官員是自取其辱嗎？這種裡應外合的失智措施，不將台灣百姓生命放在眼裡，真是馬府風格。</span> </p> <p> <span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'"><span></span></span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">&nbsp;</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; font-size: 14pt">　　</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">貿易談判可以談價錢與海關稅率，但不能以百姓生命當籌碼。總統府一手在幕後操作，衛生署長處於狀況外。當輿論撻伐時，馬英九又將責任推給衛生署長。楊署長本來就不是這行專業，政治上又被當流浪狗看，怎麼推拖，都是馬英九沒有錯。</span> </p> <p> <span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'"><span></span></span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">&nbsp;</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; font-size: 14pt">　　</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">韓國對於美牛進口監督甚嚴</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">，從派獸醫到原產地，一路監督到韓國。</span> </p> <p> <span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'"><span></span></span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; font-size: 14pt">　　</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'">反觀</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">台灣政府，毫無把關機制，副署長蕭美玲參與談判，卻未全盤告知署長。她是藥學出身，到底懂了多少食品健康安全？別忘了，當初，三聚氰氨的賠償追訴，她領團到了中國山東，愰了一圈，無功而返。現在已經高升至副署長位置，她到底為了國人健康做了哪些服務與貢獻？這種醫療專業的部門，盡是一些三腳貓當家，難怪身為大院長的孤鳥吳要台灣百姓自行把關。</span> </p> <p> <span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'"><span></span></span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">&nbsp;</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; font-size: 14pt">　　</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">美國的超市或牛排餐廳仍然有販售帶骨牛排，以<span><a href="http://www.certifiedangusbeef.com/cuts/"><span style="color: #800080">Angus Beef</span></a></span>品牌為例，讀者可自行上網查看。美國人一向不吃內臟，所以沒有牛雜問題。超市亦有販售漢堡絞肉，對老美而言，似乎不是困擾。但是美國食品衛生機構對於食品安全的監測，極為嚴格。<span></span></span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">&nbsp;</span> </p> <p> <span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; font-size: 14pt">　　</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">台灣政府官員及公務員長久以來，行事草率，漠視民意，凡事以拍馬屁，乖乖聽話，做為生活準則。在這種馬虎潦草的態度之下，台灣百姓怕的不只是美國牛肉帶不帶骨的問題了。<span></span></span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">&nbsp;</span><span><span style="font-family: 新細明體">&nbsp;</span></span> </p> <p> &nbsp; </p> <p> <span></span> </p> </span> 天生反骨 2009-10-28T21:36:43Z linheart http://blog.libertytimes.com.tw/linheart/2009/10/27/41457 <p> <strong><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000">什麼是狂牛症</span><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-family: 新細明體">(Mad cow disease)</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000">？</span></strong><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-family: 新細明體">&nbsp;</span></span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"> <span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; font-size: 14pt">　　</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000">狂牛症是牛的一個傳染性</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000">，病毒入侵之後，造成</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000">牛的腦神經系統呈海綿空洞化</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000">，喪失原有的腦神經功能，</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000">逐漸導致神經退化，致命性腦病</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000">，故又稱</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000">牛海綿狀腦病</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體"><span style="color: #000000">(bovine spongiform encephalopathy</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000">，簡稱</span><span style="color: #000000">BSE)</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000">。</span><span style="color: #000000"> </span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000">這種疾病的潛伏期長的四至五年，發病的牛可在數週至數月內死亡。</span></span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"> &nbsp; </p> <p> <span style="font-family: 新細明體"><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000"></span></span><span style="color: #000000"></span><strong><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000">&nbsp;</span></strong> </p> <p> <strong><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000">狂牛症怎麼來的</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000">？</span></strong> </p> <p> <strong><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000"><span></span></span></strong><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-family: 新細明體">&nbsp;</span></span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; font-size: 14pt">　　</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000">狂牛症最早於</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體"><span style="color: #000000">1986 </span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000">年十一月在英國的牛身上發現一種新的神經疾病</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000">。造成</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000">狂牛症的病毒是畸形的蛋白質被稱為</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000">「</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000">朊病毒</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000">」</span><span style="color: #000000">(Prion)</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000">或直譯為</span></span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000">「</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000">普萊因</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000">」</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000">。當時</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000">，</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000">養殖場對肉類行業的成本削減</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000">，</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000">將腦組織混合養殖已死亡的動物混和到其他飼料</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000">，成為牛的</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000">養殖飼料。牛原本是草食性</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000">，吃了這些染病死亡的動物飼料，因而得到</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000">狂牛症</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000">。</span> </p> <p> <span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000"><span></span></span><span><span style="font-family: 新細明體">&nbsp;</span></span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; font-size: 14pt">　　</span><span><span><a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E7%89%9B" title="牛"><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none"><span>牛</span></span></a></span></span><span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">早期是吃</span><span><a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E8%8D%89" title="草"><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none"><span>草</span></span></a></span></span><span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">的，而</span><span><a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E8%A5%BF%E6%AC%A7" title="西歐"><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none"><span>西歐</span></span></a></span></span><span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">的一些國家如</span><span><a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD" title="英國"><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none"><span>英國</span></span></a></span></span><span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">為了降低飼養成本，一些摻雜</span><span><a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E6%8A%97%E7%94%9F%E7%B4%A0" title="抗生素"><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none"><span>抗生素</span></span></a></span></span><span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">、</span><span><a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E6%BF%80%E7%B4%A0" title="激素"><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none"><span>激素</span></span></a></span></span><span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">、</span><span><a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E5%8C%96%E8%82%A5" title="化肥"><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none"><span>化肥</span></span></a></span></span><span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">、</span><span><a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E6%9D%80%E8%99%AB%E5%89%82" title="殺蟲劑"><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none"><span>殺蟲劑</span></span></a></span></span><span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">的蛋白質添加劑加入飼料中，母牛食用後，從胎盤垂直感染給小牛。並且</span><span><a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E8%A5%BF%E6%AC%A7" title="西歐"><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none"><span>西歐</span></span></a></span></span><span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">還普遍將</span><span><a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E8%82%89" title="肉"><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none"><span>肉</span></span></a></span></span><span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">和</span><span><a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E9%AA%A8%E9%A0%AD" title="骨頭"><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none"><span>骨頭</span></span></a></span></span><span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">的混合物</span><span><span style="font-family: 新細明體">(</span><a href="http://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E8%82%89%E9%AA%A8%E7%B2%89" title="肉骨粉"><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none"><span>肉骨粉</span></span></a><span style="font-family: 新細明體">)</span></span></span><span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">加入飼料。</span></span> </p> <p> <span><span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family: 新細明體">&nbsp;</span></span></span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; font-size: 14pt">　　</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000">如果受感染的牛是屠宰後，其神經組織是牛飼料中使用，其他的牛可能感染病毒。科學家已經發現狂牛病的變種出現在人類身上，魚，羊，水貂，牛，鹿，和貓。</span><span style="color: #000000"></span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000">雖然在日本和歐洲，美國和加拿大禁止使用</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000">牛身上的殘餘器官，</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000">包括血液，骨和不想要的肉</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000">，但</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000">所有類型的養殖動物如雞，火雞，和豬</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000">，非法使用這些牛雜物，仍然常見</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000">。在所有的動物的肉與骨加工成</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000">飼養</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000">動物的食品</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000">，</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000">幾乎有一半是餵給雞和火雞，百分之十三是餵給豬，百分之十是餵奶牛。</span> </p> <p> <span style="color: #000000"></span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000">&nbsp;</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; font-size: 14pt">　　</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">「朊病毒」聚集最多的部位在牛的腦神經系統，特別是在大腦和腦脊髓神經組織，扁桃腺，及腸道。<span style="color: #000000">沒有證據證明，這些變種的蛋白質存在於肌肉肉類（如牛排）或牛奶。</span></span><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-family: 新細明體"> <span></span></span></span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"> <span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; font-size: 14pt">　　</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">不死金剛的「朊病毒」可以以酷熱</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">、高溫、</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">某些化學制劑來減少其活性，但是，殺不死它</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">，而且</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">沒有為牛肉去毒消毒的有效方法，這些過程通常也同時消毀了食品。</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體"> </span> </p> <span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-family: 新細明體">&nbsp;</span></span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; font-size: 14pt">　　</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000">狂牛症潛伏期是四年</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000">，最常侵犯牛的年齡是四至五歲。<span></span></span><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-family: 新細明體">&nbsp;</span></span> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"> <span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; font-size: 14pt">　　</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">疾病的第一階段時，朊病毒複製和積累在大腦中。然後展開第二階段的異常活化</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">，破壞神經原的連結，</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">最後腦細胞死亡。當症狀被診斷出來時</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">，</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">這些過程早已順利進行。</span> </p> <p> <span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-family: 新細明體"></span></span> </p> <p> <strong><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">人們如何得到狂牛病？</span><span></span></strong><span><span style="font-family: 新細明體">&nbsp;</span></span> </p> <p> <span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; font-size: 14pt">　　</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">人類形式的狂牛病，是一種致命神經退化疾病</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">，</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">稱為變型庫賈氏症</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體"><span>(<span style="color: #000000">variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, </span></span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000">簡稱</span><span style="color: #000000">vCJD)</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">，與庫賈氏症類似</span></span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">。</span> </p> <p> <span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'"><span></span></span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; font-size: 14pt">　　</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000">人們不能得到狂牛病</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000">，</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000">但在少數情況下，他們可能會因為食用</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000">含有</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000">狂牛病的病毒牛製品</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000">，包括飼養牛的食物中的病毒，而</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000">得到致命的人類型狂牛病</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000">，稱為</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">變型庫賈氏症<span style="color: #000000">。</span></span> </p> <p> <span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-family: 新細明體">&nbsp;<span></span></span></span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; font-size: 14pt">　　</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000">正確的說</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000">，牛得到</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000">狂牛病</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000">；人類得到</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">變型庫賈氏症</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">。人與人之間，不會因接觸而感染</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">變型庫賈氏症<span style="color: #000000">。</span></span><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-family: 新細明體"> </span></span> </p> <p> <span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-family: 新細明體"><span></span></span></span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; font-size: 14pt">　　</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">變型庫賈氏症的患者在剛開始時會出現一些精神科方面的症狀，如憂鬱、焦慮、及幻覺。慢慢地會出現走路不穩、行動困難、以及出現一些無法自主的肢體動作，最後終致智力衰退，精神障礙等癡呆症狀，<span style="color: #000000">隨著病情的惡化，再也無法行走。</span></span><span style="font-family: 新細明體"><span style="color: #000000"> </span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000">最後昏迷。</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">多數患者在發病後</span><span>1</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">年內死亡。</span></span><span style="color: #000000"></span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"> <span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; font-size: 14pt">　　</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">由於人種基因的差異</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">，</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">這意味著感染該疾病的風險並不是所有的人等。有些人可能會更高風險，其他人可能有一個自然保護。</span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"> <span style="font-family: 新細明體"></span> </p> <p> <span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-family: 新細明體"></span></span> </p> <p> <strong><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000">如何診斷狂牛病及</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">變型庫賈氏症<span style="color: #000000">？</span></span></strong> </p> <p> <strong><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-family: 新細明體">&nbsp;<span></span></span></span></strong><span><span style="font-family: 新細明體">&nbsp;</span></span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; font-size: 14pt">　　</span><span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">沒有單一的測試可以診斷狂牛病。臨床診斷需要追蹤個人的生活史，症狀，和以往健康。影像學檢查，如</span><span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=zh-TW&amp;sl=en&amp;u=http://www.webmd.com/hw-popup/magnetic-resonance-imaging-mri&amp;prev=/search%3Fq%3Dmad%2Bcow%2Bdisease%26hl%3Dzh-TW%26lr%3D%26sa%3DN%26start%3D20&amp;rurl=translate.google.com.tw&amp;usg=ALkJrhjcprOP5CnrlCf_e2Ov2VNilwLZ-A"><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none"><span>核磁共振</span></span></a><span style="font-family: 新細明體"> </span></span></span><span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">，可採取檢查大腦的變化。</span></span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000">腦切片是唯一確認診斷狂牛病的方式。</span> </p> <p> <span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-family: 新細明體"></span></span> </p> <p> <strong><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000">狂牛病和</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">變型庫賈氏症現況如何</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">？</span><span></span></strong><span><span style="font-family: 新細明體">&nbsp;</span></span> </p> <p> <span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; font-size: 14pt">　　</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000">第一例狂牛病是</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體"><span style="color: #000000">1986</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000">年報告</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000">，第一例人類的</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">變型庫賈氏症是</span><span>1996</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">年</span><span>3</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">月</span><span>20</span></span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">日，英國首次官方證實了<span style="color: #000000">狂牛病</span>病例。<span style="color: #000000">大多數發生在英國（英格蘭，蘇格蘭，威爾士和北愛爾蘭）</span></span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000">、歐洲、加拿大及美國。</span> </p> <p> <span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000"><span></span></span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000">&nbsp;</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; font-size: 14pt">　　</span><span><a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1371964/The-recipe-for-disaster-that-killed-80-and-left-a-5bn-bill.html."><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'"><span>至</span></span><span style="font-family: 新細明體">2008<span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'"><span>年為止</span></span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'"><span>，英國已經有</span></span>179,000<span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'"><span>頭患有</span></span></span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'"><span>狂</span></span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'"><span>牛病</span></span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'"><span>的牛</span></span></a></span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">。^{<span>(1)</span>}</span> </p> <p> <span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'"><span></span></span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; font-size: 14pt">　　</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'"><a href="http://www.cjd.ed.ac.uk/vcjdworld.htm"><span><span>至</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'">2009</span><span><span>十月</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'">, </span><span><span>英國已經</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'">165</span><span><span>人死於</span></span><span><span>狂</span></span><span><span>牛病</span></span><span><span>造成的</span></span><span><span>變型庫賈氏症</span></span></a>⁽²⁾</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">，世界各地有<span>44</span>例。</span> </p> <p> <span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'"><span></span></span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; font-size: 14pt">　　</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">在<span>1989</span>年全面管控</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000">狂牛病疫情之前</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000">，已有<span>46</span>至<span>48</span>萬隻被感染的動物被使用進入人類的食物鏈中。^{<span>(3)</span>}</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'"></span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">&nbsp;</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; font-size: 14pt">　　</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體"><span style="color: #000000">&nbsp;</span></span> </p> <p> <span style="font-family: 新細明體"><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; font-size: 14pt">　　</span>2003</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000">年</span><span style="color: #000000">12</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000">月，美國發現一頭有狂牛病的牛</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000">。</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000">在這頭牛被發現有這種疾病之前，牠被屠宰後，其肌肉送往售肉商店出售</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000">，</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000">但其器官和神經組織並沒有被用於人類食物中。儘管狂牛病不會擴散到牛肌肉中，在美國農業部（</span><span style="color: #000000">USDA</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000">）的快速追踪下，停止售肉店所有存貨。</span></span> </p> <p> <span style="font-family: 新細明體"><span style="color: #000000">&nbsp;<span></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-family: 新細明體">&nbsp;</span></span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; font-size: 14pt">　　</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體"><span style="color: #000000">2004</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000">年至</span><span style="color: #000000">2009</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000">年，美國發現只有三頭牛有狂牛病。當時對</span><span style="color: #000000">2006</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000">之前的兩起案件是否有狂牛病</span></span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000">，仍</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000">有一些意見分歧</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000">。<span></span></span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000">&nbsp;</span> </p> <p> <strong><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'"></span></strong> </p> <p> <strong><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">何謂特殊危險物質</span><span><span style="font-family: 新細明體">Specified Risk Materials (SRMs)</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">？<span></span></span></strong><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000">&nbsp;</span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"> <span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; font-size: 14pt">　　</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">特殊危險物質，包括頭骨，腦，三叉神經，眼，脊椎，脊髓和背根神經節的</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體"><span>30</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">個月以上牛的年齡和遠端迴腸的小腸對各種年齡的牛</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">。</span><span>2004</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">年</span><span>1</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">月</span><span>8</span><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">日，美國農業部加強了法規規定，禁止其使用在人類的食品供應。</span></span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"> &nbsp; </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"> &nbsp; </p> <p> <span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000">&nbsp;</span><span><strong><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">狂牛症及</span></strong></span><strong><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">變型庫賈氏症</span></strong><span><strong><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">現況統計數字</span></strong></span><span><strong>^{<span><span style="font-family: 新細明體">(4)</span></span>}</strong></span><span>^{<span><span style="font-family: 新細明體">&nbsp;</span></span>}</span> </p> <table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 83.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; border: black 1pt solid" valign="top" width="139"> <p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"> <span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: black">國家<span></span></span> </p> </td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm" valign="top" width="118"><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: black">狂牛病例</span><span style="color: black"></span></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 120.5pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm" valign="top" width="201"><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'">變型庫賈氏症人數</span><span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 83.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm" valign="top" width="139"><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: black">奧地利<span></span></span></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm" valign="top" width="118"><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 新細明體">5</span></span></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 120.5pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm" valign="top" width="201"><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 新細明體">0</span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 83.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm" valign="top" width="139"><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: black">比利時<span></span></span></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm" valign="top" width="118"><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 新細明體">133</span></span></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 120.5pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm" valign="top" width="201"><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 新細明體">0</span></span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 12.55pt"> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 83.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; height: 12.55pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm" valign="top" width="139"><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: black">加拿大<span></span></span></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; height: 12.55pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm" valign="top" width="118"><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 新細明體">15</span></span></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 120.5pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; height: 12.55pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm" valign="top" width="201"><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 新細明體">1</span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 83.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm" valign="top" width="139"><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: black">捷克<span></span></span></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm" valign="top" width="118"><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 新細明體">28</span></span></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 120.5pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm" valign="top" width="201"><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 新細明體">0</span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 83.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm" valign="top" width="139"><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: black">丹麥<span></span></span></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm" valign="top" width="118"><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 新細明體">14</span></span></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 120.5pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm" valign="top" width="201"><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 新細明體">0</span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 83.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm" valign="top" width="139"><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: black">福克蘭群島<span></span></span></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm" valign="top" width="118"><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 新細明體">1</span></span></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 120.5pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm" valign="top" width="201"><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 新細明體">0</span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 83.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm" valign="top" width="139"><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: black">芬蘭<span></span></span></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm" valign="top" width="118"><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 新細明體">1</span></span></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 120.5pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm" valign="top" width="201"><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 新細明體">0</span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 83.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm" valign="top" width="139"><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: black">法國<span></span></span></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm" valign="top" width="118"><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 新細明體">900</span></span></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 120.5pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm" valign="top" width="201"><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 新細明體">25</span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 83.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm" valign="top" width="139"><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: black">德國<span></span></span></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm" valign="top" width="118"><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 新細明體">312</span></span></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 120.5pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm" valign="top" width="201"><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 新細明體">0</span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 83.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm" valign="top" width="139"><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: black">希臘<span></span></span></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm" valign="top" width="118"><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 新細明體">1</span></span></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 120.5pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm" valign="top" width="201"><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 新細明體">0</span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 83.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm" valign="top" width="139"><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: black">香港<span></span></span></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm" valign="top" width="118"><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 新細明體">2</span></span></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 120.5pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm" valign="top" width="201"><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 新細明體">0</span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 83.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm" valign="top" width="139"><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: black">愛爾蘭<span></span></span></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm" valign="top" width="118"><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 新細明體">1353</span></span></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 120.5pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm" valign="top" width="201"><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 新細明體">4</span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 83.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm" valign="top" width="139"><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: black">以色列<span></span></span></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm" valign="top" width="118"><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 新細明體">1</span></span></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 120.5pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm" valign="top" width="201"><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 新細明體">0</span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 83.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm" valign="top" width="139"><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: black">義大利<span></span></span></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm" valign="top" width="118"><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 新細明體">138</span></span></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 120.5pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm" valign="top" width="201"><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 新細明體">1</span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 83.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm" valign="top" width="139"><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: black">日本<span></span></span></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm" valign="top" width="118"><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 新細明體">26</span></span></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 120.5pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm" valign="top" width="201"><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 新細明體">1</span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 83.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm" valign="top" width="139"><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: black">列支敦士登<span></span></span></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm" valign="top" width="118"><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 新細明體">2</span></span></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 120.5pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm" valign="top" width="201"><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 新細明體">0</span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 83.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm" valign="top" width="139"><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: black">盧森堡<span></span></span></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm" valign="top" width="118"><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 新細明體">2</span></span></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 120.5pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm" valign="top" width="201"><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 新細明體">1</span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 83.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm" valign="top" width="139"><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: black">荷蘭<span></span></span></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm" valign="top" width="118"><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 新細明體">85</span></span></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 120.5pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm" valign="top" width="201"><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 新細明體">3</span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 83.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm" valign="top" width="139"><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: black">阿曼<span></span></span></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm" valign="top" width="118"><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 新細明體">2</span></span></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 120.5pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm" valign="top" width="201"><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 新細明體">0</span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 83.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm" valign="top" width="139"><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: black">波蘭<span></span></span></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm" valign="top" width="118"><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 新細明體">21</span></span></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 120.5pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm" valign="top" width="201"><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 新細明體">0</span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 83.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm" valign="top" width="139"><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: black">葡萄牙<span></span></span></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm" valign="top" width="118"><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 新細明體">875</span></span></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 120.5pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm" valign="top" width="201"><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 新細明體">2</span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 83.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm" valign="top" width="139"><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: black">沙烏地阿拉伯<span></span></span></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm" valign="top" width="118"><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 新細明體">&nbsp;</span></span></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 120.5pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm" valign="top" width="201"><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 新細明體">0</span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 83.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm" valign="top" width="139"><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: black">斯洛伐克<span></span></span></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm" valign="top" width="118"><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 新細明體">15</span></span></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 120.5pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm" valign="top" width="201"><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 新細明體">0</span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 83.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm" valign="top" width="139"><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: black">斯洛凡尼亞<span></span></span></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm" valign="top" width="118"><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 新細明體">7</span></span></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 120.5pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm" valign="top" width="201"><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 新細明體">0</span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 83.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm" valign="top" width="139"><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: black">西班牙<span></span></span></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm" valign="top" width="118"><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 新細明體">412</span></span></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 120.5pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm" valign="top" width="201"><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 新細明體">5</span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 83.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm" valign="top" width="139"><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: black">瑞典<span></span></span></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm" valign="top" width="118"><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 新細明體">1</span></span></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 120.5pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm" valign="top" width="201"><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 新細明體">0</span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 83.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm" valign="top" width="139"><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: black">瑞士<span></span></span></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm" valign="top" width="118"><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 新細明體">453</span></span></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 120.5pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm" valign="top" width="201"><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 新細明體">0</span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 83.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm" valign="top" width="139"><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: black">泰國<span></span></span></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm" valign="top" width="118"><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 新細明體">&nbsp;</span></span></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 120.5pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm" valign="top" width="201"><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 新細明體">2</span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 83.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm" valign="top" width="139"><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: black">英國<span></span></span></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm" valign="top" width="118"><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 新細明體">183841</span></span></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 120.5pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm" valign="top" width="201"><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 新細明體">170</span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 83.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm" valign="top" width="139"><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: black">美國<span></span></span></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm" valign="top" width="118"><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 新細明體">3</span></span></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 120.5pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm" valign="top" width="201"><span style="color: black"><span style="font-family: 新細明體">3</span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 83.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm" valign="top" width="139"><strong><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: black">總共<span></span></span></strong></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm" valign="top" width="118"><strong><span style="color: red"><span style="font-family: 新細明體">188579</span></span></strong></td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: #ece9d8; padding-bottom: 0cm; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 120.5pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: #ece9d8; border-right: black 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm" valign="top" width="201"><strong><span style="color: red"><span style="font-family: 新細明體">214</span></span></strong></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> 優質教育自己來 2009-10-27T11:45:58Z linheart http://blog.libertytimes.com.tw/linheart/2009/10/20/41099 <span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; font-size: 14pt">　　</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000; font-size: 14pt">颱風威力變化萬千</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000; font-size: 14pt">，</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000; font-size: 14pt">氣象局官員被批能力不足</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000; font-size: 14pt">，事後又被監察院指責是「專業的傲慢」。事過境遷，政府部門仍然無法說服民眾，</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000; font-size: 14pt">氣象局錯在哪裡</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000; font-size: 14pt">。專業的傲慢又是如何證實？監察院諸公是專業的「氣象監察委員」嗎？</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000; font-size: 14pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"> <span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; font-size: 14pt">　　</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000; font-size: 14pt"></span> </p> <p> <span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; font-size: 14pt">　　</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000; font-size: 14pt">台灣很多現象已經顯示</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000; font-size: 14pt">，「專業」是沒有價值，沒有社會尊嚴，完全否定個人的能力表現。只有政治才是標準，政治人物說的才是正確。從衛生署長的派用，增加健保費，到最近欲加收的萬稅萬萬稅之「能源稅」，財經官員的無能，都是完全毫無專業可言。在無能政府統治之下，唯有諾諾之人卑躬屈膝，為其犬馬。真正的專業淪為代罪羔羊。</span> </p> <p> <span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000; font-size: 14pt"><span></span></span><span style="line-height: 150%; color: #000000; font-size: 14pt"><span style="font-family: Calibri">&nbsp;</span></span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; font-size: 14pt">　　</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000; font-size: 14pt">傳統的社會風氣一直將那些接受專業高等教育的知識份子捧在手心</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000; font-size: 14pt">，尊敬有加。有人稱這些人是「高級知識份子」，他們是一群「</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000; font-size: 14pt">知識貴族</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000; font-size: 14pt">」。過去的六十年，一部份的</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000; font-size: 14pt">知識貴族為台灣開創了前所未有的國家及社會成就</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000; font-size: 14pt">，其中最顯著的，莫過於科技及外貿的成長。</span> </p> <p> <span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000; font-size: 14pt"><span></span></span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000; font-size: 14pt">&nbsp;</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; font-size: 14pt">　　</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000; font-size: 14pt">培養這些</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000; font-size: 14pt">知識貴族的大學當然貢獻斐淺</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000; font-size: 14pt">。但是五、六十年下來，同樣是這些學校教出來的學生，成了社稷領袖，也成了階下囚。爭到權位者，變得更傲慢，更沒有人性，卻自詡「聞聲救苦，苦民所苦」。</span> </p> <p> <span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000; font-size: 14pt"><span></span></span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000; font-size: 14pt">&nbsp;</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; font-size: 14pt">　　</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000; font-size: 14pt">這些學校</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000; font-size: 14pt">，尤其是名校名系，自己又成長了多少，或者沉淪墮落了多少。臺大法律系的畢業生更懂得知法而犯法，洗錢貪瀆無所不用其極；另一極端的知法守法者，卻只懂得「依法行政，清廉公正」，從來不執行法律，更罔視正義之存在，一心為己，自私為上，黨政全權在握，卻不見改革進步。</span> </p> <p> <span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000; font-size: 14pt"><span></span></span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000; font-size: 14pt">&nbsp;</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; font-size: 14pt">　　</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000; font-size: 14pt">最近</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000; font-size: 14pt">英國《泰晤士報》公布世界二百大綜合大學排行榜，台大名列</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; color: #000000; font-size: 14pt">95</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000; font-size: 14pt">名，終於如願以償擠進百大之列。但台大學生會卻在校門口抗議，更毫不留情批評，</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; color: #000000; font-size: 14pt"><a href="http://mag.udn.com/mag/campus/storypage.jsp?f_ART_ID=216164"><span style="font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000"><span>「砸下大量資源，以學術代工模式進入百大，但台大核心價值在哪裡？」</span></span></a></span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000; font-size: 14pt">，極其諷刺。</span> </p> <p> <span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; color: #000000; font-size: 14pt"></span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; font-size: 14pt">　　</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000; font-size: 14pt">大學排行比較，在國外行之有年，習以為常。國內卻從來沒做過自己國境內的大學排行榜，根本談不上擠進百大不百大。雖然目前大學有接受教育部的評鑑，但與教學醫院評鑑一樣出現盲點與不切實際。大學從來未將已畢業的校友在社會及國際上的成就（以及犯罪）列入評比，法律系發表出版再多的學術論文，抵得上貪污，或者自私，自喪國格的校友嗎？</span> </p> <p> <span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; color: #000000; font-size: 14pt"></span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; font-size: 14pt">　　</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000; font-size: 14pt">《泰晤士報》公布世界二百大綜合大學排行榜，其五大評鑑標準為，全球同儕評鑑</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; color: #000000; font-size: 14pt"> (40%)</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000; font-size: 14pt">、全球大學雇員評鑑</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; color: #000000; font-size: 14pt"> (10%)</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000; font-size: 14pt">、教師</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; color: #000000; font-size: 14pt">/</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000; font-size: 14pt">學生比例</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; color: #000000; font-size: 14pt"> (20%)</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000; font-size: 14pt">、教師研究著作被引用的次數</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; color: #000000; font-size: 14pt">(20%)</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000; font-size: 14pt">、國際因素</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; color: #000000; font-size: 14pt"> (5%)</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000; font-size: 14pt">：在全球化的大趨勢下，成功的大學必須吸引全球的精華學生和教師，國際學生的比率和國際教師的比率成為大學國際吸引力的重要指標。台大進了世界百大，台灣百姓因為萬稅政府的無能，可能成為世界百大貧窮人民，到底台灣整個教育的核心價值及目標何在？</span> </p> <p> <span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; color: #000000; font-size: 14pt"></span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; font-size: 14pt">　　</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000; font-size: 14pt">台大學生會長傅偉哲說得很直接了當，看到努力數年的百大目標達成，學生雖與有榮焉，但下一步在哪裡？尤其近幾年台大靠著大量資源聘用學者，並製造出大量論文，感覺像是「開發中國家的勞力密集代工廠」，其他國家也能複製同樣邏輯，輕易取代台大的地位。我認為，正因為這種代工式的大學教育，使得教育板塊產生移動，台灣學生成了勞力密集代工廠的勞工，只要出廠變成品就行，工廠在哪裡有何差別？</span> </p> <p> <span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; color: #000000; font-size: 14pt"></span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; font-size: 14pt">　　</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000; font-size: 14pt">知識大量成長，但也更普及，</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; color: #000000; font-size: 14pt"> </span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000; font-size: 14pt">傳播更迅速。貴族已不復存在，知識份子本身的人本核心價值</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; color: #000000; font-size: 14pt">(Value), </span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000; font-size: 14pt">不是價格</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; color: #000000; font-size: 14pt">(Cost)</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: #000000; font-size: 14pt">，何在？如果政治人物一再糟蹋打壓專業知識，國家社會及人民的自我價值無法見到陽光，最終就是陰霾缺氧而滅絕。</span> </p> <p> &nbsp; </p> <p> <span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; color: #000000; font-size: 14pt"></span><span></span> </p> </span> 天生反骨 2009-10-20T22:48:37Z linheart